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BERKELEY 


LIBRARY 


UNIVERSITY OF 
CALIFGRMIA 





EDUCATION LIBR. 


“ 
« 


Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2008 with funding from 
Microsoft Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/ahnsfrenchprimerOOahnfrich 





SreicEer’s French Series, 


)AHNS 


FRENCH PRIMER, 


Dr. P. HENN. 


NEW "YORK. 
B. STEIGER & CO 


Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 
E. Steiger, 


in the Office of the Libranan ot Congress, at Washington, 


E. Steicer, New York, 
Printer and Electrotyper. 


GIFT 


PREFACE. 


Special attention is invited to the following remarks es 
pianatory of the system of instruction in the First Elements 
of the French language adopted in this little book. 

Competent and very experienced authorities on the study of 
this language, have repeatedly adverted to the fact that pupils 
rarely succeed in attaining anything like a correct French 
pronunclauva, When practice mm it has been restricted to 
such casual opportunities as are afforded in the usual study of 
grammar and translation into English. They have therefore 
advised an Introductory Course which should treat exclusively 
of the proper French pronunciation, current reading, and the 
early and correct traiming of the ear to the unfamiliar French 
sounds. 

The realization of this view is the aim of AHN’S French 
Primer. It teaches correct pronunciation by giving numerous 
examples of the individual French sounds on a really systematic 
or rational plan, according to their inter-relation and the 
organs used in their production. Thcse examples are never 
meaningless syllables, such as ceften occur in English Spel 
ling-Books and French Syllabaires, which ean be of no possible 
interest to the pupil, but are always words referring to 
such objects as the pupil is familiar with. Moreover, as the 
English meaning is given with each of them, the pupil is enabled. 
whilst acquiring a correct accent, to store up, with great ease, 
a vocabulary of extreme value for the real Course itself. The 
greatest care has been taken in the choice of examples. in order 


- 018 


—_ WW -« 


to give, in each lesson, such sounds only as have been already 
explained. The ruleg laid down at the head of each lesson, 
are few, simple, anc clear. 

The perpieximg subject of silent vowels, consonants, and 
terminations is treated in such a way that the pupil’s eye is 
at once spoken to by the Ouwltlliime@ or hairline type 
used for all silent letters, and one explanation only is rend- 
ered necessary on the part of the teacher.* 

In order to arrest the pupil’s attention, and fix in his mind 
the instruction given in the first part of the book, and for 
practice in current reading, Phrases and little Conversations 
(with an interlinear English version) and easy exercises for 
Translation are appended. These apply practically the 
words used ia the reading lessons, and aim really at nothing 
more than an agreeable and encouraging recapitulation of the 
Course. 

Closely based unon the Primer, and possessing its chief 
feature, viz., the introduction of the outline type for 
all silent letters, are AHN’S French Reading Charts, which 
will be found of great service in class instruction. 

Although AHN’S French Primer forms one part of a regu- 
lar, graded series, it is, as an Introductory Course, complete 
in itself, and may be advantageously used, at the earliest 
stage of instruction, with any French Grammar. 





® Every one conversant with the subject is aware that there is some diversity 
of practice, even among the educated, as to certain shades and niceties of French 
pronunciation. Such pomts the scope of this book does not embrace, For this 
reason, the present usage ef the Normal College of Paris has been accepted as the 
standard, and mvariably followed, aithough, im some cases, it may differ trom 
ether authormmles, 


I. THE ALPHABET. 


The French Alphabet consists of the following twenty-five 
letters: 








Names Names 
a A ah nN enn 
bB bay 0 O 0 
ec say p P pay 
d D day q Q 3 
e E eh rR err+ 
f F eff s Ss ess 
ge G jay? t T tay 
h H ash? ci Gi — 3 
ioe ee vV vay 
Wivel jee! pap. ix 
k K kah y ¥ ee greck 
1 ae ell ZZ, zed 
m M emm 


1. Simple vowels are: a, e, i, O, U, y. 

2. All other letters are simple consonants. 

3. The following are compound letters: 
Compound vowels: AU, eau, OU, ai, ei, eu, OeU. 
Nasal vowels: an, am, en, em; in, im, ain, aim; 

on, OM; Un, uM, euUn. 

Diphthongs: ia, ie, ie. ié, io, ieu. Oi, ui, OU. 
Nasal diphthongs: ian, ien. oin, Win, ion. 
Compound consonants: ch, ph, th, qu, gn. 








1 j to be pronounced like s in pleasure. 

2 ato be pronounced as in fast. 

3 The French name of this letter cannot be represented by English 
letters; it must be learned from the mouth of the teacher. 

4 err to be pronounced as in ferry. 


l 


Pa ee 


Il. READING anv SPELLING. 





7 a a7 © 
bpdtmn 


1. a is pronounced like @ in jast; & with the Circumflex 
Accent (*) has the sound of @ in father. A vowel marked 
with the Circumflex Accent is always long. 

2. i and 1 with the Circumflex Accent, are usually pro- 
nounced like @-in machine. i is sometimes like the English 
short @, as in pin. 

3. e at the end of words of more than one syllable, is silent. 

4. bd p dt m n atthe beginning of words or syllables, 
are pronounced as in English. 

5. A consonant at the end of a word is generally silent. 


(e) 
In this book, all silent letters will be given in © utllime 
or hairline type. 


a bas ma ta dada papa midi 


has_ stocking my thy hobby-horse papa noon 
ami ni nid dit tapis pas 
friend neither nest said carpet step 
tabac bati mat dina dame 
tobacco built mast (he) dined lady 
tape madame ame ane pate 
tap Mrs., Madam soul ass paste 
badine abime mis dime mine 
switch abyss put tithe mien, look 


pipe timide date pie mie 


pipe timid date magpie crumb (of bread) 


am 3S am 


2, e é 6 @é 
foe oh or 


1. e at the end of words of one syllable, sounds like a in 
the English word tub; at the end of syllables not final, it has 
really the same sound, but is in many cases scarcely to be heard. 

2. é with the Acute Accent (') is pronounced like @ in fate. 
3. @ with the Grave Accent (') is pronounced like @ in tare. 
4. @ with the Circumflex Accent is pronounced like e@ in there. 
5. e without an accent, at the beginning and in the middle 
of syllables, is ordinarily pronounced like the French @ (@ in 
tare); in the final syllables er, et, ez, however, it sounds like 
the French é (@ in fate). 

6. f, v, 1, r are pronounced as in English. 


le me te ne de venir bre bis 


the me thee not of to come sheep 
dé thé fée blé été vérité 
thimble tea fairy wheat summer truth 
féve planéte pére mére frére 
bean j lanet father mother brother 
prét tétce féte béte fenétre 
ready head feast beast window 
méme réve vétir étre prétre 
same dream io dress to be priest 
fer mer terme ferme liberté 
iron sea term farm liberty 
tel elle fraternel fermer diner 
such she brotherly to close dinner 


et tiret filet nez venez parlez 


and hyphen thread nose come speak 


A 


3. 0oou tl 
c¢gk q 


1. o has for the most part nearly the same sound as in 
English; it is usually pronounced like 0 in robe; sometimes 
it is short as in odd; 6 with the Circumflex Accent has always 
the sound of 0 in no. 

2. wu and ti with the Circumflex Accent, cannot be ren- 
dered by any corresponding sound in English, and must be 
learned from the lips of the teacher. 

3. @ before a, 0, U, or a consonant, and at the end of 
syllables and of some words, is pronounced like the English &. 
When it comes before e, i, and y, it is pronounced like $s in 
the English word same. With the cedilla (¢), it always 
sounds like sharp Ss. 

4, k sounds like the English fh. q, either followed by w, or 
without it, is also pronounced like the English k. 

5. In French, there is no neuter gender. All nouns are 
either masculine or feminine. The masculine article is le, the; 
the feminine article is la, the. Now, as the gender of nouns 
can only be learnt by long practice, it is of great importance 
for beginners to learn, at the very outsei, every noun with 
its article. 


la mode le port le domino la 


the mode, fashion the port the domino the 

A A A r 

robe le réle le ddéme_ le coté 
dress the roll the cupola, dome the side 

du ilu bu tu tlaruec le futur 
of the read drunk thou the street the future 


la nature la lune tla vertu eu 


the nature the moon the virtue had 


SORES eta 


di mtr muarir la flite briler 


due ripe to ripen the flute to burn 
la corde le canif actif le roe 
the string the penknife active the rock 
la lecture le duc ce ceci 1¢1 
the reading the duke this this here 
le cidre la cire la cité la force 
the cider the wax the city the strength 
ca la facade recu le kilo qui 
that the front received the kilogram who 
que la qualité le coq Paques 


whom the quality the cock Easter 


P} au @au Ou 
s J 


1. au and eau are pronounced like 0 in home. 

2. ou sounds like Ow in soup. 

3. g before a, 0, u, and consonants, has the hard sound of 
g in go; before e and i, it is pronounced like s in pleasure. 

4, j is always pronounced like s in pleasure. 

5. In French, there are as many syllables in a word, as 
there are vowels or diphthongs. 

6. A single consonant between two vowels, is joined to the 
latter. 

° 

le baume la faute faux jaune 


the balm the fault false yellow 


le bateau le bureau le tau reau 


the boat the office the bull 


cba AS ae 


ou le couteau le cou Ile coude 


or the knife the neck the elbow 
le loup beaucoup la poule Aott 
the wolf much, many the hen August (month) 
la moutarde la tour le cou cou 
the mustard the tower the cuckoo 
la route rouge le gage la page 
the road red the pleage the page 
le giteau le général la figure 
the cake the general the face, figure, form 
les légumes la glace la gorge 
the vegetables the ice the throat 
eros le gilet je le jour jouer 
large the vest I the day to play 


le journal joli le jugeo Jules 


the newspaper pretty the judge Julius 


5. al el 
ro eae. Gare A he 


1. ai and ei are generally pronounced like @é in bail; al 
at the end of a word, especially in some forms of the verb, is 
sounded like @ in fate. 

2. s at the beginning of words has the sharp sound of the 
English s in same; between two vowels, it is pronounced like s 
in rose; SS has always the hissing sound of ss in lesson. 

3. x as in English, has two different sounds; in most words 
beginning with ex, it sounds like gs; in others like Ks. 

4. z has the same sound as # in English. 


nt NY tis 


5. In dividing words into syllables, mark, besides the 
general rules (see 4), the following: 

Two different consonants, or the two same consonants be- 
tween two vowels, must be separated. 

There are many combinations. however, which always be- 
long to the same syllable, namely: bl, br, el, er, dl, dr, fl, 
fr, gl, gr, pl, pr, tl, tr, vr, ch, ph, th, gn. 


la laine Ia baic le maitre Ie 


the wool the bay the master, teacher the 
palais la paix la raic la paire 
palace the peace the line the pair 
le balai je parlerai je par lerais 
the broom I shall speak I should speak 
seize la reine la veine pleine 
sixteen the queen the vein full 
le sable le sel sauvage le sae 
the sand the salt savage the bag 
la musique la visite le Russe 
the music the visit the Russian 
exact le luxe fixer la taxe 
exact luxury to fix the tax 
le zé6ro la zone le zéle le gaz 
naught the zone zeal the gaz 


la vertu la bourse le bonnet 


the virtue the purse the cap 


quitter le tigre le tréfle propre 


to leave the tiger the clover proper, clean 


6 eu. oeu 
h ch th ph 


1. eu and oewu sound nearly like a in nurse; when followed 
by r, or another consonant not silent, the sound is more open. 

2. hin French is said to be aspirated or not, but is never 
pronounced. Mark that before all nouns beginning with a 
vowel or non-aspirated h, the article is 1? (with the apostrophe) 
instead of le, la. With nouns beginning with h aspirated, 
the article remains unchanged. 

3. ch sounds the same as the English sh. In a few words, 
however, taken from the Greek, and when it comes before a 
consonant, it is pronounced like k. 

4. th is pronounced like t simply, and ph like f. 


le jeu le feu jeudi la couleur 


the play the fire Thursday the color 
la douleur la fleur le ceur la 
the pain the flower the heart the 
seur le beuf le neud Vheure 
sister the ox the knot the hour 
Vhiver le malheur le hibou le 
the winter the misfortune the owl the 
hétre la bouche le chéne cher 
beech-tree the mouth the oak dear 
cherché la chronique le cheur 
sought the chronicle the choir 
récho le théme le théatre 
the echo the exercise the theatre 


la phrase le phare le phos phore 


the phrase the light-nezss the phosphorus 


%7 an am en em 


1. In French, i and m, when final or before a consonant, 
are said to have a nasal sound, but more properly speaking, 
dropping their own sound, they only indicate that the preced- 
ing vowels are to be sounded through the nose. Thus an. am, 
en. em are used to represent the nasal sound of the French a, 
and are pronounced like e2% in the Anglicized word encore. 

2. In pronouncing these sounds, care should be taken not 
to press the back of the tongue against the palate, as is done in 
producing the sound of the English ng. 

3. When the morn of these and similar combinations is 
doubled or followed by a vowel, there is no nasal sound. 


Yancre Tanse Vange dans sans 


the anchor the handle the angel in without 
la tante maman Jean le banc 
the aunt . Mamma John the bench 
blanc- ample la jambe la lam pe 
white ample the leg the lamp 
le tambour Ja ram pe le flam beau 
the drum the stairs the torch 
en Tlencre encore Ilentrée le 
in the ink still the entrance the 
vent TYenfanece vendre ven dre di 
wind the childhood to sell Friday 
Yorient llenri le sens ensem ble 
the East Henry the sense together 
Yem pire le membre la canne 
the empire the member the cane 


Yennemi la fl€amme la gem me 


the enemy the flame the gem 


s Inim ain aim ein 


in, im, ain, aim, ein represent the nasal sound cor: 
responding to the French i; tney are all pronounced nearly 
like an in the English word sang. 


le vin la fin le pin’ le moulin 


the wine the end the pine-tree the mill 
le lapin le jardin’ le magasin 
the rabvit the garden the warehouse 
le matin invité ingrat  sim- 
the morning invited uneratefnl sim- 
ple implorer grimper la main 
ple to implore to climb the hand 
le bain le pain plaindre vaincre 
the bath the bread to complain to vanquish 
humain craindre demain le 
human to fear to-morrow the 
gain plaintif le parrain§ ainsi 
gain plaintive the godfather thus 
la faim le daim  Tessaim plein 
hunger the deer the swarm full 
le frein le sein’ le teint Ia 
the bridle the bosom the complexion the 
feinte le peintre la peinture 
feint the painter the painting 


le dessein inutile im mor tel 


the design useless immortal 
to} 


ces ee 


9. on om 
uh um eun 


1. On and Om represent the nasal sound corresponding to 
the French 0; they are pronounced nearly like @2 in song. 

2. Wh, Wm, eun represent the nasal sound corresponding 
to the French wu; they are pronounced nearly like a in sung. 

3. The n of mon, ton, son, un, On is pronounced with 
the next word, if that commences with a vowel or non- 
aspirated h. 


on onze bon mon_ ton son 


one, they eleven good my thy his 
Yoncle le bonbon le monde la 
the uncle the sugar-plum the world the 
montre le pantalon le plafond 
watch the trowsers the ceiling 
la réponse Je savon le garcon 
the answer the soap the boy 
Yom brage le nom sombre le 
the shade the name dark the 
nombre latombe le prénom 
number the tomb the Christian name 
un une chacun Jalun lundi 
a, an, one each the alum Monday 
brun le parfum humble a jeun 
brown the perfume humble fasting 


mon oncle la bon ne don ner 


my uncle the nurse to give 


—_— if — 


e e 16 en © e 
1. In French, all diphthongs are pronounced by uttering 
fully and distinctly the vowels which compose them; this should, 
however, be done by a single impulse of the voice. Thus: 
ia is compounded from the French vowels i and a 
‘ 


jie ‘ be 66 66 i e 
ie +6 6c £6 a i é 
ie be 73 6c 66 1 yee e 
io be a 66 bs i ‘oo 
jeu 6c oe 3 73 1 a3 eu 


2. In dividing words into syllables, diphthongs should never 
be separated. 


le diable Je piano le diadé me 


the devil the piano the diadem 
le mariage le diamétre le fia cre 
the marriage the diameter the cab 
le diamant le rosier le dernier 
the diamond the rose-bush the last 
le pied Janvier le premier [ier 
the foot January the first yesterday 
la pitié Pamitié le siége la pié- 
pity the friendship the seat piety 
té le liége le piége la piéce la 
the cork-tree the trap the piece the 
saliére la biére la niéce la 
salt-cellar the beer the niece the 
fiole la pioche le violon Dieu 
phial the pickaxe the violin God 


le milieu le lieu vieux mom sieur 


the middle the place old Sir, Mr., gentleman 


11 Ol ul oul 


Oi is pronounced like wa in was. 
ui is compounded from the French vowels u and i. 
oui zs ss ae ¢ ou and i. 


moi toi le roi noir la loi la 
I 


thou the king black the law the 

soirée la soie le miroir avoir 
evening the silk the mirror to have 

le poivre la soif la boite boire 
the pepper the thirst the box to drink 

la voile la victoire la toile Voie 

the sail the victory the linen the goose 

Yoiseau le mouchoir lui luire 
the bird the pocket-handkerchief he to shine 


je suis Vhuile Ja nuit je puis 


Tam the oil the night I can 


le cuir la cuisine nuire la tuile 


the leather the kitchen to injure the tile 
le cuivre la pluic Vétui suivi 
the copper the rain the case followed 
la ruine le buisson la Suisse 
the ruin the bush Switzerland 
la suite le biscuit la con dui te 
the attendants the biscuit the conduct 


réjoui oui la fouine Louise 


rejoiced yes the marten Louisa 


». an 10n On Win jen 


1. ian is compounded fr out the French vowels i and an nasal. 


ion 6é éé bé i ae on 6é 
oin éé bé éé éé oO 66 in be 
ulin ¢é &é 4s 46 WU 66 in 73 
jen éé be ce 66 i oe en 66 


2. All these diphthongs are pronounced by uniting the sounds 
of their component parts, except ien, which is mostly final, 
and sounds like i with in (@m in the English word sang). 


la viande riant la con fiancee le 


the meat smiling confidence the 
mendiant le négociant  friand 
beggar the merchant dainty 
le lion Je champion la pension 
the lion the champion the boarding-school 
la passion Vunion la pro cession 
the passion. the union the procession 
loin le foin le soin le coin le 
far the hay the care the corner the 
point joindre le besoin Juin 
point to join the need June 
bien rien mien mienne tien 
well nothing mine mine thine 
sien le lien ancien le comédien 
his the band ancient the actor 


le Prussien le Chrétien com bien 


the Prussian the Christian how much 


ee Yl sine 
eb all 
13, iT ] 
il eill 
1. J and Il, when preceded by i, are pronounced ike y 
consonant in yonder (liquid 1); in such words as have only 
the vowel i before the ] or II, the i has its regular sound.* 
2. When there is another vowel before the il or ill, the i 
is always silent. and the vowel before it has its regular sound. 
Thus: ei] and eill are pronounced like e with 1 liquid. 


le babil Je mil le péril Avril 


th.: talk the millet the peril April 
la famille la fille la vanille 
the tamily the daughter the vanilla 
le pavillon la coquille  briller 
we pavilion the shell to shine 
le conseil conseiller le vermeil 
the advice to advice the vermilion 
pareil le sole:l ie sommeil la 
like the sun the sleep the 
bouteille la corbeille Voreille 
bottle the basket the ear 
la merveille Va belle meilleur 
the wonder the bee better 
la groseille vieil le vieillard 
the gooseberry old the old man 


*) The pronunciation of the liquid 1 is sometimes given as being 
like that of lli in brilliant; but, as indicated above, in Paris and parts 
of France, it is softened down to very nearly the sound of y. 


ee | ue 


u ail euil oul 
alll euill owill 


ail and aill are pronounced like a with 1 liquid. 
euil ‘“ euill a iy Cue 1 ie 
ouil “ ouill a cs Ou le 

i is, of course, always silent. 


le bail le bétail le gou ver nail 


the lease the cattle the rudder 


Vémail le travail Véventail la 


the enamel the work the fan the 


bataille Véeaille la médaille 


batile the scale (of fish) the medal 
la muraille la paille le caillou 
the wall the straw the pebble 
le dewil Vécureutl le fauteuil 
the mourning the squirrel the armchair 
le chevreuil le sew la feuil le 
the roe the threshold the leaf 
le portefeuille le chévre feuil le 
the portfolio the honey-suckle 
le feuillage le fenowil mouiller 
the foliage the fennel-seed to wet 


bouillir le bouillon la rouille 


to boil the broth the rust 


fouiller le brouillon la dépouille 


to dig the waste-book the spoil 


Sie eS 


16. sii 

1. gn has a sound combining that of the English 9 and y 
consonant, like 2¢ in minion. In dividing words into syllables, 
it is always considered as one letter. (see 5.) 

2. y when initial, or when after a consonant, has the sound 
of the French i. y after a vowel is to be considered as a con 
pound sound of two i (ii), the first i going with the preceding 
vowel, and the second with the following; thus: moyen = 


moi-ien. 
la ligne la campagne le signe 
the line the country the sign 
la montagne PAllemagne digne 
the mountain Germany worthy 
lignorance le compagnon — le 
ignorance the companion, partner the 
lor gnon le rognon es pa enol 
eyeglass the kidney Spanish 
y les yeux la lyre la syllabe 
there the eyes the lyre the syllable 
le type lemyrte la syntaxe 
the type the myrtle the syntax 
le tyran la pyramide Thydre 
the tyrant the pyramid the hydra 
le pays le paysage le moyen le 
the country the landscape the means the 
cra y on vous VOY eZ em plo yer 
pencil you see to employ 


payer loyal royal aboyer 


to pay honest royal to bark 


Demis | ie 


410. s Ul Se 
I 6 


1. gu before e and i sounds like g in go; the wu has no 
sound whatever, it only shows that the g is hard. 


2. ge before a, 6, U, sounds like s in pleasure; the e is 
inserted to show that the g is soft. 


3. The trema (**) placed over the second of two vowels, 
denotes that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters. 


la langue la guerre le guide 


the language. tongue the war the guide 
la figuc la bague la guérite 
the fig the ring the sentry-box 
fatigué la guitare la drogue 
tired the guitar the drug 
la guirlande guére la guépe 
the garland hardly ‘the wasp 
la marguerite la dague le gué 
the daisy the dirk the ford 
le dogue Yorgue guérir le gui 
the house-clog the organ to heal ihe mistletoe 
la guétre il mangea le geo lier 
the gaiter he ate the jailer 
rougedtre le pigeon la mangeoire 
reddish the pigeon the manger, crib 


Yaieul shair Saitil Raphaél 


the grandfather to hate Saul Raphael 


Shs | aa 


17. ti ent 


l. ti in the middle of words, when it comes before another 
vowel, is very often pronounced like ¢e in cedar. 

2. ent final inthe Third Person Plural of all French verbs, 
is silent. 


la ration la nation la fraction 


the ration the nation the traction 
la con so la tion Vad di tion la 
the con-olation the addition the 
sous traction la multi plication 
subtraction the multiplication 
la portion Véducation Tédition 
the portion the education the edition 
Vattention la condition la per- 
the attention the condition the per- 
fection le Vénitien — essen tiel 
fection the Venetian essential 
patient la patience la com po- 
patient patience the compo- 
sition les lions rugissent les 
sition (the) lions roar (the) 
pigeons roucoulent les ser penis 
pigeons coo (the) serpents 
sif fiend les beufs mugissent les 
hiss (the) oxen low (the) 


mou tons bé lent les coqs chan tent 


sheep bleat (the) cocks crow 


Dear’, amr 


18. fouble Consonants. 


1. As @ general rule, in words ending in e mute, preceded 
by two like consonants, the two cunsonants are pronounced as 
one. There are, however, a great many words with double 
consonants in which both of them are pronounced. 


2. Double | after i retains in a few words the proper sound 
of J, as heard in Hill. (see 13.) 


3. Double @ before e and i is pronounced as in English, 
namely, the first like k, the second like s. 


la nappe la chatte la barre la 


the table-cloth the cat the bar 
chasse la pierre le parterre la 
hunting the stone the garden-plot the 
terre TAngleterre Jeanne le 
earth England Jane the 
renne quitte Vhomme comme 
reindeer quits the man like, as 
la pmme le beurre le sif flet 
the apple the butter the whistle 
la griffe la coiffe la goutte 
the claw the head-dress the drop 
immense immobile  Terreur 
immense inimovable the error 
illustre la ville mille le mille 
illustrious the town thousand the mile 


la vaccine le succés accepter 


the vaccination the success to accept 


21 


— — 


19. Some Exceptions and Difficulties, 


1. Mark the occasional sounds of the following letters: 


e= a. 


oe = Cu. 


9 


ae 


la femme im pru dem ment 
the wife, woman imprudently 
Teil Voeillet TYoillade 


the eye the pink the glance 
le second nous secon dons 
the second we second 
SLX dix Sol xan te -SIx 
SIX ten sixty-six 


le sixié me 


the sixth 


le deu xié me 


the second 


The Apostrophe (?) does not change the pronunciation 


of the following syllable, and only denotes the elision of one 


vowel before another. 


instead of: 
e 

le air 
the air 


la eau 


the water 


que il 


that he 


que on 


that they 


ce est 


that is 


le aml 


the friend 


Thus: 


we write and read: | instead of: we write and read: 


Vair je al jai 
IT have 
Peau de un dun 
of a 
quil va-toi en va-ten 
go along 
quon | si il sil 
if he 
cest si ils sils 
if they 
Yami | je aime jaime 
I love 


SET ee, 


20. Connection of Words, 


1. In current reading and speaking, the last syllable of a 
word is generally joined to the first of the following, if that 
commences with a vowel or non-aspirated h. In this connection, 
however, some letters change their regular sound, namely: 


d is pronounced like t g is pronounced like k 
sorx $6 “é Z f oe 66 V 


2. The t of et, and, is never pronounced. 


grand liomme rang élevé vous 
gran-thom-me ran-ké-lo-vé vou- 
great man elevated rank you 


étes almable bon amt bons amis 


z@-te-zal-ma-ble bo-na-m1 bon-za-mi1s 
are amiable good friend good friends 


cest assez trop injuste ils ont eu 
c’es-tas-sezZ tro-pin-jus-te il-zon-teu 
that is enough too unjust they have had 


lis ailment & parler lisons a présent 


il-zai-men-ta-par-ler li-son-za_ pré-sent 
they like to speak let us read now 


neuf hommes il est six heures 


neu vhom-mes i-lest-si-zheu-res 
nine men it is six o’clock 
amour et patrie vainere ou mourir 
a-mou-ret-pa-trie vain-creou-mou-rir 


love and fatherland to vanquish or to die 


Oe ae 


21. To those who wish to be accurate in Dividing Words 
into Syllables, a review of the rules already given in several 
former lessons (see 4, 5, 10, may be of service. 

1. There are as many syllables in a French word, as there 
are vowels or diphthongs. 

2, A single consonant between two vowels, is joined to the 
latter. 

3. Two different consonants or the two same consonants 
must be separated. 

4. There are many combinations, however, which always 
belong to the same syllable; namely: bl, br, el, er, dl, dr, 
fl, fr, gl, gr, pl, pr, tl, tr, vr, ch, ph, th, gn, and, of 
course, all diphthongs. 


Va ca cia lé rable la minute Septembre 
the gum-tree the maple-tree the minute September 


le printemps JVodorat~ le berger la barbe 
the spring the smell (sense) the shepherd the beard 


le tonnerre le ruisseau le cerisier les pieds 


the thunder the stream the cherry-tree the feet 
la pau pie re la pluic le tigre le chagrin 
the eye-lid the rain the tiger the grief 
louvrage le marbre le siécle les mon tagnes 
the work the marble the century the mountains 
le peu ple l’on gle un é1é phant 
the people the nail (of fingers) an elephant 


22, The chief marks of punctuation are the same as in English, 
namely: 

[,] la virgule, the comma 

[;] le point et virgule, the semicolon 

[:] les deux points, the colon 

[.] le point, the period 

[?] le point @interrogation, the note of interrogation 

{!] le point d’exclamation the note of exclamation. 


as FE Eke 
lil CURRENT READING. 


23, L’heure a soixante minutes. La flite est un 


The hour has sixty minutes. The flute is an 
instrument. Ce fruit est mir. La flotte sort du 
instrument. This fruit is ripe The fleet leaves the 
port. Notre vis est courte. L’été est passé. Aime 
port. Our life is short. (The) summer is past. Love 
ton pere et tamére. Cette vallée est fertile. Portez 
thy father and thy mother. This’ valley 1s) fertile. Carry 
cette lettre A la poste. Le fer est un métal. 
this letter to the post-office. (The) iron is a metal 
Ce portrait est beau. Je veux une fleur. 
This portrait is beautiful. I wish (want) a _—_ flower. 


24, Ce papier est mauvais. Veux-tu aimer ton 
This paper is bad. Wilt thou love thy 
pere et ta mére, tes freres et.tes sours? Maman, 
father and thy mother, thy brothers and thy _ sisters? Mamma, 
donne-moi un ruban. L’empereur de Russie est le 
give me a ribbon, The emperor of Russia is the 
maitre d’un vaste empire. L’écolier va a4 lécole 
master of a vast empire. The scholar goes to (the) school. 


Je suis dans la seconde elasse. 
if am in the second class. 


25, Les flatteurs sont trés-dangereux; il faut tou- 
(The) flatterers are very dangerous; one must al- 


jours étre en garde contre eux. Nous méprisons 
ways be on guard against them We despise 
souvent une chose, parce qu'il n’est pas en notre 


often a thing, because it is not in our 


pouvoir de l’obtenir. Je suis reine des fleurs, disait 
power to obtain it. I am _ queen of the flowers, said 


un jour la rose & humble violette. 
one day the rose to the humble violet. 


— 395 — 


26. Henri! Que voulez-vous? Venezici. Pour 


Henry! What do you want? Come here. What 
quoi faire? J’ai quelque chose 4 vous montrer. 
to do? I have some*hing to show you. 
Qu’est-ce que c’est? Un joli livre. Y a-t-il des 
What is .1? A nice book. Are there any 
images dedans? Oui, beaucoup. Qui vous l’a donné? 
pictures in it? Yes, many. Who has given it to yon? 


Papa. Quand? Ce matin. 
Papa. When? This morning. 


27, Je vais sortir. Avec qui? Avec maman. Ou 
I am going out. With whom? With Mamma. Where 


allez-vous? Dans le pare. Julie va-t-elle avec 
are you going? Into the park. Is Julia going with 


vous? Oui, et Sophie aussi. Mettez votre chapeau. 
you? Yes, and Sophia also. Put on your bonnet. 


J’ai un chapeau neuf. De quelle couleur? Bleu. 


Ihave a new bonnet. Of what color? Blue. 
Montrez-le-moi. Le voici. [est bien joli. Voulez- 
Show it to me. Here it is. It is very pretty. will 


vous l’essayer? II est trop grand pour moi. 
you try it on? It is too large for me 


2s, Marie, venez dans le jardin. Pour quoi faire? 


Mary, come into the garden. What to do? 
Pour cueillir des fleurs. Pour qui? Pour maman, 
To gather some flowers. For whom? For Mamma. 
Avez-vous une corbeille? Non. Je vais chercher 
Have ycu a basket? No. I am going to fetch 
la mienne. Apportez aussi une paire de ciseaux. 
mine. Bring also & pair of scissors. 


Nous n/avons plus de tulipes. Ni de lilas. Mais 
We have no more tulips. Nor lilac. But 


SOR vos 


il yades roses. Je crois que nous avons assez de 
fhere are some roses. I think we have flowers enough. 


fleurs. Portons-les 4 maman. 
Let us carry them to Mamma. 


29, Qu’avez-vous li? Un joli petit moineau. Qui 


What have you there? A pretty little sparrow. Who 
vous l’a donné? Le jardinier. I faut le mettre 
has given it to you? The gardener. It is necessary to put it 


dans une cage. Je n’ai pas de cage. Jean enaune. 
in a cage. I have no cage. John has _ one. 


Me la prétera-t-il? Je vais lui demander. Voila 
Will he lend it to me? I am going to ask him. There is 


la cage. Allez chercher de ia graine. Voyez, il 
fhe cage. Go and fetch some seed. See, it 
mange déja. 
eats _— already. 


30. Ot vont tous les garcons, Engéne? Je ne 
Where are all the boys going, Eugene ? I do 


sais pas. Vovez comment ils courent! Ils vont 
not know. See how they are running! They are 


voir un petit Italien quia un singe. Allons le voir 
going to see a little Italian, who has a monkey. Let us go to see him 


aussi. Vous savez qu'on nous a défendu de sortir. 
also. You know that they have forbidden us to go out. 


Ah, que cela est malheureux! Voila les garcons 
How unfortunate that is! The boys 


qui reviennent. Le petit Italien est avec eux. I 

are coming back. The little Italian is with them. He 
va faire danser le singe dans la cour. J’ai quelques 
is going to make the monkey dance in the yard. J have some 


sous, je vais les lui jeter. 
cents, I am going to throw them to him. 





soe pie 


IV. TRANSLATION (OraL anp WRITTEN). 


a 


31. le, the la, the 
le pére, the father la mére, the mother 
le frére, the brother la sceur, the sister 
et, and 


Le pére et la mére. Le frére et la sceur. Le 
pere et le frére. La mére et la scour. La mére et 
le frére. Le pére et la sceur. 


32. bon, bonne, good ~ est, ts 


Le bon pere. La bonne métre. Le bon frére. 
La bonne sceur. Le pére est bon. La mére est 
bonne. Le bon pére et la bonne mere. 


33, The brother and the sister. The father and 
the brother. The mother and the sister. The 
brother is good. ‘The sister is good. The good 
brother and the good sister. 


o4, un, une, a, an mon, ma, m1 
un oncle, an uncle une tante, an aunt 
mon pere, my father ma mere, my mother 


Un pére et une mére. Un oncle et une tante. 
Un bon onele et une bonne tante. Mon frére et ma 
scur. Mon bon oncle et ma bonne tante. Mon 
pére est bon, ma mére est bonne. 


ee a 


35. A brother and a sister. A good brother and 
a good sister. My father and my mother. My uncle 
and my aunt. My good brother and my good sister. 
My uncle is good; my aunt is good. 


36. grand, grande, large, tall ton, ta, thy 
petit, petite, (ttle, small, short aussi, also 
le cousin, the (male) cousin 
la cousine, the (female) cousin 
Mon petit frére. Ma petite scur. Mon pére est 
grand. Ma mére est petite. Mon oncle est petit. 
Ma tante est grande. Ton pére est mon oncle. Ton 
frére est aussi mon frére. Ton cousin est petit. Ta 
cousine est aussi petite. 


37. My little cousin is good. Thy mother is my 
aunt. Thy sister is also my sister. Thy uncle is 
tall, and thy aunt is short. My little brother and 
my little sister. Thy brother is good, and thy 
sister is also good. 


38. ‘e livre, the book Jean, John 
la plume, the pen Marie, Mary 
a, has 


Mon petre a un frére et une sceur. Jean a un 
livre et une plume. Le livre est bon. La plume 
est aussi bonne. Mon oncle a un grand livre et une 
petite plume. [La]* petite Marie a mon livre et ma 
plume. 


* Words within brackets [ ] are to be read, but not translated; 
words within parentheses () are not to be read, but translated. 


39. John is my cousin. My mother has a good 
brother and a good sister. My book is good, my 
pen is also good. John has a large book and a 
small pen. My cousin John has my book and 
my pen. 


40, notre, our votre, your 
la maison, the house Jacques, James 
le jardin, the garden Louise, Louisa 
joli, jolic, pretly 


Notre pére est un bon pere. Notre mére est 
une bonne mére. Votre oncle a une jolie maison. 
Votre tante aun joli jardin. Notre jardin est grand. 
Votre maison est petite. Votre plume est bonne. 
Jacques est notre cousin. Louise est votre cousine. 


41, Our uncle is a good uncle, and our aunt isa 
good aunt. Your book is large, and your pen is 
small. Our garden is pretty. (The) little James is 
your cousin. Louisa is our sister. Our uncle has a 
large house. Your aunt has a pretty garden. 


42, riche, rich jai, J have 
pauvre, poor a as, thou hast 
malade, 2/, sich: trés, very 


Notre onele est trés-riche. Votre cousin Richard 
est pauvre. Jacques est trés-malade. Charles est 
notre frére. Votre jardin est trés-joli.  J’ai un bon 
frére. Robert a un bon livre et une bonne plume. 
Jean, tuas un trés-bon oncle et une trés-bonne tante. 


es. Sues 
43, la fleur, the flower la rose; the rose 


Our aunt is very rich. Our little sister is sick. 
Your cousin Mary is poor. I have a good uncle and 
a good aunt. Mary is our sister. Your house is 
very large. Thou hast a good aunt, Charles. My 
sister has a rose. The rose is a pretty flower. 
Robert, thou hast a very good brother and a very 
good sister. 


44, al-je, have I? as-tu, hast thou ? 
perdu, lost trouvé, found 
le canif, the penknife le chien, the dog 
oul, yes non, 720 


Ai-je ta plume, Marie? Non, ma sceur, tu as 
mon canif. As-tu aussi mon livre? J’ai ton livre 
et ta plume. Charles, tu as un jolichien. J’ai perdu 
mon canif. Jacques, as-tu trouvé mon canif? Oui, 
mon frére, j’ai trouvé ton canif. Alfred, as-tu perdu 
ta plume? Oui, mon pére. 


AS. Henri, Henry Julic, Julia 
vu, seen 


Have I a brother and a sister? Henry, thou 
hast a pretty dog. Our dog is very little. Mary is 
very sick; my sister Julia is also sick. Charles, 
hast thou seen our garden? Yes, I have seen your 
garden and your house. Mary, hast thou seen my 
uncle? Yes, Henry, I have seen thy uncle and 
thy aunt. 


fee Oe (as 


dG. nous avons, we have  avons-nous, have we? 
vous avez, you have = avez-vous, have you? 
papa, Papa maman, Mamma 


Nous avons un bon ptre. Vous avez une bonne 
mere. Avons-nous un frére et une scour? Avez- 
vous un jardin et une maison? Avez-vous vu mon 
petit chien? Oui, Robert, nous avons vu ton joli 
petit chien. Avez-vous trouvé votre canif, papa? 
Qui, Henri. Charles. as-tu me vlume? Non, maman. 


47, la montre, the watch le chapeau, the hat, bonnet 
un enfant, @ child un ami, a friend 


Henry has a pretty hat and a pretty watch. 
Have you also a watch? No, we have lost our 
watch. Mamma, have you lost your book? No, my 
child. We have a good friend. Have you alsoa 
friend? Yes, Mamma, we have a good friend. Our 
poor friend is sick. You have a good aunt. 


48. monsieur, Mr., Sir, gentleman la lettre, the letter 
madame, Mrs., Madam écrit, written 


As-tu éerit une lettre, mon enfant? Oui, mon- 
sieur, j’ai écrit une lettre. Et vous, Henri et Robert, 
avez-vous aussi écrit une lettre? Oui, monsieur, 
nous avons aussi écrit une petite lettre. As-tu une 
fleur, Julie? Oui, madame, j’ai une jolic rose. Avez- 
vous perdu un livre? Oui, madame, nous avons 
perdu un livre et une plume. 


Pune gape 


49, THast thon seen my dog. Charles? Yes, Sir, | 
have seen your dog. Have you losta pen? Yes 
Madam, we have lost a pen and a book. I have 
written a letter. Have you also written a letter, 
Henry and Charles? Yes, Sir; we have also written 
a letter; Richard has seen our letter. Hast thou a 
flower, my child? Yes, Madam, I have a pretty 
flower. 


50. il, he (she, tt) elle, she (i) 
il est, he zs est-il, 2s he ? 
elle est, she zs est-elle, zs she? 
ila, he has a-t-il, has he ? 
elle a, she has a-t-elle, has she? 
le fils, the son la fille, the daughter 


J’ai vu votre frére; il est trés-grand. As-tu ausst 
vu notre cousine, Marie? Oui, madame, elle est trés- 
grande. Vous avez un bon onele; est-il riche? Non, 
madame, il est trés-pauvre. Et votre tante, est-elle 
aussi pauvre? Oui, madame. Ta tante a un fils; 
a-t-elle aussi une fille? Oui, monsieur, elle a un 
fils et une fille. 


51. mais, bet encore, sézll 

Our garden is small, but [it] (he) is very 
pretty. Hast thou seen our cousin Robert? is he 
still sick? No, my friend. I have seen your son, 
Sir; has he still the little dog? Hast thou found a 
watch, Henry? Yes, my sister. Is [it] (she) 
pretty? Yes, [it] (she) is very pretty. My book 
is small, but [it] (he) is very good. 


— 88 — 


62, son, sa, his, her, its dans, in, into 
le cheval, the horse la chambre, the room 
acheté, bought vendu, sold 
ou, where? pour, for 


Mon oncle a perdu son fis et sa fille. Ma sceur 
a acheté un canif et une plume. Votre ptre a vendu 
son cheval. Ma tante a aussi vendu son cheval. Ma 
soeur a écrit une grande lettre pour satante. <As-tu 
perdu ton livre, Henri? Nous avons trouvé un livre 
dans notre jardin. Ot est votre cousin, Charles? 
Kst-il dans sa chambre? 


58, raison, right tort, wrong 
jai raison, Jam right j'ai tort,.J am wrong 
toujours, always 

My father has lost his watch. My brother has 
found a pretty penknife. My uncle has sold his 
house. Your aunt has sold her garden. My uncle 
has bought a pretty hat for his son. Where have 
you found your watch? Am I right? Yes, Sir, you 
are right, but your sister is wrong. We are al- 
ways right, and you are always wrong. 


54. ce, cet, cette, this 
un jardin, a garden _ce jardin, this garden 
une femme, a4 woman cette femme, this woman 


un enfant, a child eet enfant, this child 
un habit, a coat eet habit, this coat 
un homme, a@ man cet homme, this man 


Ce jardin est trés-joli. Cet enfant est malade. 
Cette maison est grande. Ot avez-vous vu cet 


homme et cetts feriié? Cette chambre est trés- 
petite. Ot avez-vous trouvé ce canif et cette plume? 
Yet habit est trés-joli; est-il pour mon frére? Avez- 
vous écrit cette lettre? Ce monsieur a raison, son 
fils a tort. 


55, le jardinier. the gardener 
Ja servante, the maid-servant 

This dog is for my brother. This rose is very 
pretty. Have you bought this coat, Sir? Yes, Sir, 
[ have bought this coat for my-son. We have seen 
this man and this woman in our garden. This man 
is our gardener, This woman is our maid-servant. 
This mother is very good; she has bought a pretty 


ev 


bonnet for her daughter, 


56. 1 un, une 5 cing 
2 deux 6: Sig 
3. trois 7 sept 
4 quatre 8 huit 
le ptre, the father les peres, the fathers 
la mere, the mother les méres, the mothers 
Venfant, the child les enfants, the children 


Henri a perdu les livres. Louise a écrit deux 
lettres pour son oncle. J'ai trois sceurs et quatre 
fréres. Cette femme a cing enfants, trois fils et 
deux filles. Nous avons acheté six plumes et un 
eanif. Mon oncle a vendu une maison et deux jar- 
dins. Nous avons deux chiens. Mon frére a acheté 
sept livres. Notre jardinier a vendu les roses. Ce 
monsieur a acheté trois canifs. 


57. la table, the table 
la téte, the head 


la chaise, the chats 
la main, the hand 


le pied, the foot 
We have found the books in your room. Robert 


has written two letters for his aunt. 
brothers and three sisters. 
We have a head, two hands, and two 
Our uncle has bought a table and six chairs. 


two gardens. 
feet. 


| have two 
My father has bought 


Our gardener has six children, one son and five 


daughters. 
our room. 


58, mon frere, nvy brother 

ma sceur, my sister 

ton livre, thy book 

ta plume, thy pen 

son jardin, his, her garden 

sa maison, his, her house 
voici, here 7s, here are 
mis, put 
une dame, a lady 


Voici mes livres et mes plumes. 


We have two tables and eight chairs in 
o 


ines fréres, my brothers 

mes sceurs, 7uy sisters 

tes livres, thy books 

tes plumes, thy pens 

ses jardins, his, her gardens 

ses maisons, As, her houses 
voild, there ts, there are 
sur, on, wpon 
aime, loves, likes 

As-tu vu mes 


roses, Marie? Oui, ma cousine, j’ai vu tes roses. 


As-tu trouvé tes amis, Paul? 
trouvé mes amis dans le jardin. 
J’ai vu la tante. ses fils et 
tu est Robert ? 
Oui, papa, Robert a écrit ses lettres. 
a perdu ses fréres et ses sceurs. 

Cette mére aime ses enfants. 


ses livres sur la table. 
ses filles. 


livres. 


Oui, mon oncle, j’ai 
Mon frére a mis 


A-t-il écrit ses lettres ? 
Cette dame 
J’ai trouvé mes 


— 36 — 


59, Papa, have you sold our horse and our dog? 
Yes, my children. Hast thou seen my flowers, 
Mary? Yes, my cousin, I have seen thy flowers. 
This man has lost his friends. Where are my books, 
Mamma? I have put thy books upon a chair. Our 
‘gardener has sold his flowers. This gentleman hag 
bought three books for his children. Here are my 
books and my pens. 


60. uotre livre, our book nos livres, our books 
notre fleur, owr flower nos fleurs, owr flowers 
votre chien, your dog vos chiens, your dogs 
votre lettre, your letter vos lettres, your letters 

ils, elles, they 


sont-ils? 
sont-elles ? 


ils sont, 


elles sont, ey ane 


are they ? 


sage, wise, good jeune, young 
le cahier, the copy-book hier, yesterday 


Avez-vous vu nos enfants, Maric? Oui, madame, 
jai vu hier vos enfants. Ot sont nos livres et nos 
plumes, Charles? J’ai mis vos livres et vos plumes 
sur la table. Nos deux cousins, Paul et Joseph. 
sont toujours malades. Voili nos enfants, sont-ils 
sages? Oui, monsieur, ils sont trés-sages. J’ai 
trouvé deux cahiers dans ma chambre. 


61. le tiroir, the drawer triste, sad 

Your brothers and your sisters are still very 
vorng. We have lost our two friends, Paul and 
Henry. ave you found your copy-books, Mary 


wet 


and Julia? Yes, Mamma, we have found our copy- 
books in our drawer. ‘There are your sisters; are 
they sad? Yes, Sir, they are very sad. We have 
found three pens in this drawer. 


62. ce livre, this book ces livres, these books 
eet enfant, this child ces enfants, these children 
cette femme, this woman ces femmes, these women 

ils.onte 
elles ont. § 


ont-ils? 


they have ont-elles ? j 


have they ? 


une ombrelle, @ parasol la pomme, the apple 

ua parapluic, an wmbrella la poire, the pear 

une bague, a ring cueilli, gathered 

Ces enfants sont trés-tristes. Avez-vous acheté 

ces pommes et ces poires? Non, madame, nous avons 
cueilli ces pommes et ces poires daus notre jardin. 
Jean et Paul ont trouvé une jolic bague. Ot ont-ils 
trouvé la bague? Ils ont trouvé la bague dans le 
jardin. Mes tantes ont acheté une ombrelle et un 
parapluic pour Pauline et une trés-jolic bague pour 
Louise. 


63. le voisin, the neighbor si, so, as 


Our neighbor has bought these houses and these 
gardens. Ishesorich? Yes, Madam, he is very rich. 
My sisters have gathered these apples and these 
pears in our garden. Ferdinand and Richard have 
found a pretty umbrella. Where have they found the 
umbrella? They have found the umbrella in our 
garden. These ladies have bought a parasol. 


64, je suis, [am suis-je? am I? 
tu es, thou art es-tu? art thou? 
nous sommes, we are sommes-nous? are we ? 
vous €tes, you are étes-vous? are you? 


ie neveu, the nephew adieu! good-bye / 
ici, here ou, or 


Ou est ton papa, Charles? KEst-il ici? Oui, 
monsieur, mais il est malade; il est dans sa chambre. 
Ton pere est mon oncle; je suis son neveu, tu es mon 
cousin. <Ai-je raison ou tort? Tu as raison, Charles, 
je suis ton cousin. Adieu, mon ami. Nous sommes 
fréres. _Sommes-nous riches ou pauvres? Nous 
sommes pauvres. Jean est mon cousin, son pere 
est mon oncle. 


65. Where is thy uncle, Alfred? Is he here? Yes, 
Sir. Is he in his room? No, Sir; he is in the gar- 
den. Am I thy friend, James? Yes, thou art my 
friend. Our sisters are cousins. Good-bye. Henry. 
We are brothers. You are sisters. Louisa is my 
cousin; her mother is my aunt. Where are our 
children, Mary? Are they in the garden? Yes, 
Madam, they are in the garden. 


66. qui? who? whom? quel, quelle? what, which ? 


e’est, 2 is ce sont, they are 
le médecin, the physician le crayon, the pencil 
le soulier, the shoe la botte, the boot 


pris, taken 14, there 


Pe.) ee 


Qui a pris mes souliers? Charles a pris tes 
bottes et tes souliers. Qui a acheté cette jolic mai- 
son? Notre voisin a acheté ceg deux maisons. 
Quel livre as-tu perdu? Quel cheval avez-vous 
vendu? Quelle plume as-tu la? Sur quelle table 
as-tu mis mon crayon? Pour qui sont ces fleurs? 
Ces fleurs sont pour maman. Qui est Ja? C’est le 
médecin, e’est mon oncle. Qui sont ces enfants ? 
Ce sont nos cousins. 


67. Who has written this letter? Henry has written 
this letter. For whom is this ring? This pretty 
ring is for Mary. In what room have you found my 
watch? In which garden have you gathered these 
flowers? Who is there? It is our Robert; it is the 
physician. Which flowers have you there? Who 
are these little children? They are my sisters. 


68. plus, more 
grand, large, great plus grand, larger, greater 
le soleil, the sun Vor, (the) gold 
la terre, the earth le fer, (the) tron 
utile, wseful que, than 


Le soleil est plus grand que la terre. La terre 
est plus petite que le soleil. Le cheval est plus 
grand que le chien. [Le] fer est plus utile que [I’] 
or. Ma mtre est plus jeune que mon pere. Marie 
est plus sage que son frére. Cet homme est pauvre, 
mais cette femme est encore plus pauvre. Pauline, 
es-tu plus grande que ta sceur? Oui, Robert. 


cath gaa: Viele 


69, la ville, the town la campagne, the country 
agréable, agreeable fort, forte, strong 
content, contente, contented 


Iam stronger than my cousin. You are richer 
than we, but we are more contented than you. The 
country is very agreeable. The country is more 
agreeable than the town. Mary is more contented 
than Louisa. The horse is more useful than the dog. 
We are richer than you. My father is younger than 
my mother. This woman is poorer than this man. 


70. \e couteau, the knife les couteaux, the knives 
Vanimal, the animal les animaux, the animals 
Voiseau, the bird : le vaisseau, the ship 


le moineau, the sparrow la cuillére, the spoon 


Ma sceur aime [les] oiseaux. Mon frére a vendu 
ses oiseaux. Nous avons vu hier deux grands vais- 
seaux. Ma tante a acheté six cuilléres et six cou- 
teaux. Mon fils aime [les] chevaux. Ma tante a un 
chien et cing oiseaux; elle aime [les] animaux. Nous 
avons perdu nos chapeaux. Mon frére a acheté 
deux moineaux. [Les] chevaux sont trés-utiles. 


71. le métal, the metal le marchand, the tradesman 


(The) metals are very useful. Have you seen my 
two sparrows? Yes, Henry, they are still very little. 
Thy brothers like (the) birds. (The) horses are 
more useful than (the) dogs. Have you sold your 
horses? These little animals are very pretty. This 


a 


tradesman is very poor; he has lost his vessels. 
(The) sparrows are very useful. 


v2, neuf, nine seize, sixteen 

dix, fen dix-sept, seventeen 
onze, eleven dix-huit, ezghteen 
douze, twelve dix-neuf, nzneteen 
treize, thirteen vingt, twenty 
quatorze, fourteen vingt et un, twenty-one 
quinze, jifteen trente, thirty 

Varbre, the tree Van, the year 

le théme, the exercise le mois, the month 

la faute, the mestake le jour, the day 


ily a, there is, there are 

Dans notre maison il y a quatorze chambres. 
Dans cette chambre il y a deux tables et douze 
chaises. Dans notre jardin il y a vingt-deux grands 
arbres. J’ai trouvé neuf fautes dans ton théme. 
L’an a douze mois. Ce mois a trente et un jours. 
Nous avons cueilli vingt pommes et quatorze poires 
dans le jardin. I] y a seize ou dix-sept chambres 
dans cette maison. 


V3. Vécole, the school une semaine, a week 

In our school there are thirty children. A week 
has seven days. I have seen fifteen children in our 
garden. There are twelve or thirteen rooms in our 
house. Jn this little town there are nine schools. 
We have found thirty apples and nineteen pears in 
our garden. Our neighbor has ten children. { have 
twenty-one books. 


Sue AO ae 


74. le livre de Jean, John’s book 
la maison de mon pétre, my father’s house 
Venfant de cette femme, this woman's child 


s’appelle, zs called Guillaume, Welam 


Le fils de notre voisin s’appelle Henri, et sa fille 
s’appelle Marie. L’enfant de cette femme s’appelle 
Charles. Le frére de Jean est ici; il est dans notre 
jardin. Les enfants de notre tante sont trés-bons 
Les livres de mon oncle sont utiles. Les amis de 
Guillaume sont dans notre jardin. La sceur de Marie 
a écrit une lettre. Les tleurs de notre sceur sont 
trés-jolies. Voici les souliers de Marie et de Louise, 
et les bottes de Henri 


5. facile, easy difficile, difficult, hard 


Have you seen my brother’s books? Our neigh- 
bor’s daughter is called Louisa. My friend’s brother 
is very ill. Mary’s sister has written a letter. 
William’s friend is in our garden. My brother’s 
friend is called James. William’s exercises are al- 
ways very easy, but Charles’ exercises are always 
very difficult. Our neighbor’s children are good. 
John has sold his brother’s dog. 


76. peu, little, few trop, too much, too many 
beaucoup, much, many combien? how much, how many ? 


peu de vin, éttle wine 

peu de fleurs, few flowers 
beaucoup de viande, much meat 
beaucoup de pommes, many apples 


ae ie 


trop de pain, too much bread 

trop d’enfants, too many children 
combien dargent? how much money ? 
combien de livres? how many books ? 


Veau, the water donnez-moi, give me 
te lait, the milk mangé, eaten 
la cerise, the cherry — bu, drunk 


J’ai peu d’argent. Avez-vous beaucoup de vin? 
Donnez-moi un peu deau. Nous avons peu de 
pommes. Charles a mangé trop de cerises dans le 
jardin de son oncle. Mon frére a acheté beaucoup 
de poires. Combien dargent avez-vous trouvé? 
Combien d’enfants avez-vous vu dans l’école? Mon 
frére a beaucoup de fleurs dans son jardin. Les 
enfants ont bu trop de lait. Cette pauvre mtre a 
beaucoup d’enfants. 


77. 1a soupe, the soup le poivre, the pepper 
le sel, the salt s’il vous plait, 7f you please 
merci, thank you 


Hast thou eaten thy soup, Caroline? Yes, Mam- 
ma. There is also a little bread and a little meat. 
Thank you, Mamma. Give me a little salt, if you 
please. This poor woman has many children. Few 
men are contented. Our gardener has many flow- 
ers. These children have drunk too much water. 
How many books have you? I have few books. My 
sister has too many books. This man _ has little 
money. Give me a little pepper, if you please, 


nes Neri 


78. la faim, hunger la soif, tharst 
jai faim, Jam hungry jai soit, [ am thirsty 
autant, as much, asmany assez, enough 
moins, /ess, fewer que, as 
autant de pain, as much bread 
autant de livres, as many books 
moins d’argent, less money 
assez de pain, bread enough 
plus de viande, more meat 
Mon frére a autant de livres que vous. Avez- 
vous assez de pain? Notre voisin a moins d’enfanis 
que notre jardinier; il a deux fils et une fille. Jal 
assez de pain. As-tu faim, mon enfant? Oui, 
maman, donnez-moi, sil vous plait, un peu de 
viande et un peu de pain. s-tu aussi soif? Non, 
maman, j’ai bu un peu d’eau dans le jardin de notre 
oncle. Ai-je plus de fleurs que vous? 


v9, My father has as many flowers as your gar- 
dener. We have eaten more meat than you. We 
have drunk wine enough. I am hungry, Mamma, 
give me a little bread, if you please. How many 
children has your uncle? He has six children, two 
sons and four daughters. Our neighbor has fewer 
children; he has two sons and one daughter. 


80. de, of 
le morceau, the piece le jambon, the ham 
le verre, the glass le sucre, the sugar 
la tasse, the cup le thé, the tea 


la bouteille, the bottle la bitre, the beer 


J’ai mangé un peu de soupe et un morceau de 
jambon. Pour qui est cette tasse de thé? Cette 
tasse de thé est pour ton frére, et ce morceau de 
sucre est pour ta scur. J’ai faim, maman, donnez- 
moi, s'il vous plait, un morceau de viande et un peu 
de pain. Henri et Jean ont bu un verre de vin. 
Le jardinier a bu une bouteille de biére. 


81. la livre, the pound la paire, the pair 

une livre de thé, a pound of tea 

deux paires de bas, two pairs of stockings 

How many pairs of stockings hast thou? I have 

six pairs of stockings. John has three pairs of 
shoes, and one pair of boots. Are you thirsty, my 
children? Yes, Mamma, we are thirsty. There is 
a cup of tea. My aunt has five pounds of sugar and 
two pounds of tea. Iam hungry and thirsty, give 
me a piece of bread and a glass of water. 


82, le premier, the first le quatriéme, the fourth 
le second, the second le cinquitme, the fifth 
le troisiéme, the third le dernier, the last 


la classe, the class fait. made, done 
la partie, the part pardon, J beg your pardon 


Charles, eg-tu le premier de la classe? Pardon, 
monsieur, Henri est le premier, je suis le second, 
Jean est le troisitme, Robert est le quatri¢me, [le] 
petit Richard est le cinquiéme, et mon cousin Jacques 
est le dernier. Combien de fautes as-tu fait dans 
ton dernier thtme, Guillaume? J’ai fait trois fautes. 
Cing est la quatriéme partie de vingt. 


83. Janvier, January Juillet, July 


Février, Lebruary Aott, August 
Mars, March Septembre, September 
Avril, April Octobre, October 
Mai, May Novembre, November 
Juin, June Décembre, December 
Vannée, the year 
le sixiéme, the sixth le neuvitme, the ninth 
le septitme, the seventh le dixitme, the tenth 
le huitiéme, the eighth le onziéme, the eleventh 


How many days has this month, Charles? This 
month has thirty days; it is the ninth month of the 
year. January is the first month of the year, 
February the second, March the third, April the 
fourth, May the fifth, June the sixth, and December 
the last. Three is the third part of nine. 


S4, eu, had été, been 

jai cu, L have had jai été, L have been 
tuas cu, thou hast had tu as été, thou hast been 
il a cu, he has had il a été, he has been 


nous avons eu, we have had nous avons été we have been 
vous avez cu, you have had vouz avez été, you have been 
ils ont eu, they have had _ ils ont été, they have been 
chez, at the house of 
chez mon pere, at my father’s 
chez le cordonnier, at the shoemaker’s 
le plaisir, the pleasure la canne, the cane 
As-tu eu mon crayon, Henri? Non, ma sceur, 
mais j’ai eu ta plume. Quiacuma canne? Louis 


ie EO oe 


aeutacanne. Avez-vous eu beaucoup de plaisir, 
mes enfants? Oui, maman, nous avons eu beaucoup 
de plaisir. Qui a été ici? Monsieur Beaumont 
a é(é ici. As-tu été chez le cordonnier, Jean? Oui, 
monsieur, j'ai été hier chez le cordonnier; il a fait 
vos bottes et vos souliers. C’est bon. 


85. les affaires, business aujourd’hui, to-day 
le fruit, the fruat le gant, the glove 


Where hast thou put my gloves, Mary? I have 
put your gloves in the drawer, Madam. Here are 
your watch and your parasol. Thank you. Where 
is my father? Your father is in his room; he has 
had much business to-day. Where have you been 
yesterday, my children? We have been at our 
uncle’s. My sisters have been sick this week, they 
have eaten too much fruit at the gardener’s. 


86. ne... pas, not 
je n’ai pas, J have not nousn’avons pas, we have not 
tu nas pas, thou hast not vous n’avez pas, you have not 
il n’a pas, he has not iis n’ont pas, they have not 
qui de nous, which of us voulez-vous, will you ? 
As-tu ma plume, Henri? Non, Robert, je n’ai 
pas ta plume. Quiaeumon canif? Je n’ai pas eu 
ton canif. Qui de nous deux a raison? Tu n’as pas 
raison. Guillaume, tu as tort. Avez-vous faim, 
mes enfants? Non. maman, nous n’avons pas faim, 
nous avons soif. Voulez-vous un verre de biétre? 
Merci. maman, dounez-moi, s’il vous plait, un verre 
d’eau ou une tasse de lait. 


87, le dé, the thimble pas encore, not yet 
paresseux, idle, lazy Edouard, Hdward 


Hast thou found tiny thimble, Louisa? No, Mam- 
ma, [ have not yet found my thimble. Edward 
has not yet done his exercise; he is very lazy. Our 
neighbor has not bough*+ this house. You are 
wrong, my friend, my uncle has not yet sold his 
evarden. Why are you so sad, William and Edward? 
Have you lost your books? No, Sir. 


88, je ne suis pas, J am not 
tu n’es pas, thou art not 
il n’est pas, he as not 
nous ne sommes pas, we are not 
vous n’étes pas, you are not 
ils ne sont pas, they are not 
la lecon, the lesson appris, learnt 
heureux, happy pas de, no 


Je ne suis pas riche, mais je suis content. Je ne 
suis pas malade. Cette ville n’est pas agréable. 
Ces themes ne sont pas difficiles. Tu n’es pas sage, 
mon enfant, ‘u n’as pas appris ta lecon. Ce jeune 
homme n’est pas heureux; il n’a pas d’amis. Nous ne 
sommes pas tristes, nous n’avons pas perdu nos livres. 
Henri, tu n’es pas le premier de la classe, tu n’as 
pas fait ton théme. 


89. appliqué, diligent 
IT am not ill. We are not rich, but we are con- 


tented. My brother is not happy; be is always 
sick You are not diligent, my children, you have 


Ber: Nan 


not learnt your lessons. We are not poor, we have 
not sold our gardens. These exercises are not easy. 
This gentleman is not my uncle. Your sisters have 
not taken your copy-books. 


90. wai-je pas, have [not? ne suis-je pas, am [not ? 

n’as-tu pas, hast thou not? n’es-tu pas, art thow not ? 

n’a-t-il pas, has he not? n’est-il pas, 7s he not ? 

n’avons-nous pas, have we ne sommes-nous pas, are 
not? we not ? 

n’avez-vous pas, have you n€tes-vous pas, are you 
not ? not? 

n’ont-ils pas, have they not? nesont-ils pas,are they not? 


connu, known a, to, at, in 


N’ai-je pas un joli livre? Ne suis-je pas appli- 
qué? N’as-tu pas eu beaucoup de plaisir, Edouard ? 
N’es-tu pas content? Ton frére est 4 Washington; 
n’a-t-il pas encore écrit? Ne sommes-nous pas heu- 
reux? N’étes-vous pas les amis de mon cousin? Tu 
n’es pas appliqué; n’as-tu pas fait beaucoup de fautes 
N’avez-vous pas connu mon oncle? Voila nos en- 
fants; ne sont-ils pas trés-sages ? 


91. Have you not been my cousin’s friend? Hast 
thou not books enough? Where is your brother, 
Sir? He is in San Francisco. Has he not yet 
written? No, Sir. Have you not yet been in (at) 
Paris? Have you not yet seen this town? Hast 
thou not been at our physician’s to-day? Am I not 
happy? Have I not much pleasure? Art thou not 
my friend? Have you not seen my uncle to-day? 


i SO De 


92, 4 lamaison, at home a lacampagne, in the country 
mon oncle est-il malade? 7s my uncle sick ? 
ta sceur n’est-elle pas ici? zs thy sister not here ? 
ces enfants sont-ils sages? are these children good ? 


Ce monsieur est-il votre oncle? Cette dame est- 
elle votre tante? Ce theme est-il difficile? Votre 
tante a-t-elle vendu sa maison? La terre n’est-elle 
pas plus petite que le soleil? Le cordonnier a-t-i: 
fait une paire de bottes pour Henri? Votre cousin 
a-t-il été 4 Washington ou 4 Baltimore? Votre 
tante a-t-elle été 4 la campagne? Ton frére est-il 
a la maison ? 


93. Are our sisters sick? Is this gentleman your 
brother? Is this lady your mother? No, Madam, 
it is my aunt. Has your neighbor sold his house? Is 
Charles at home? No, Sir, he is not at home. Has 
your aunt been in the country? No, Sir, she has not 
been in the country, she has been at my father’s. 
Is your lesson easy or difficult? Is this child sick? 
Are your children at home, Mrs. Reval? No, Madam, 
they are in the country. 


94, le mien, la mienne, mzne 
le tien, la tienne, thine 
le sien, la sienne, Ais, hers 
les miens, les miennes, mine 
leg tiens, les tiennes, thine 
les siens, les siennes, his, hers 


bon, good, meilleur, better le meilleur, the best 


w— 51 — 


Ce chapeau est plus joli que le tien. Ce canif 
est bon; mais le mien est meilleur. Cette plume est 
trés-bonne; elle est meilleure que la mienne. Voici 
mes livres et voila les tiens. Voici mes bottes et 
voila les tiennes. Charles est mon meilleur ami. 
Robert a perdu mes livres et leg siens. Ton livre 
est plus utile que le mien. Mon jardin est plus agré- 
able que le tien. ‘Ton canif est plus joli que le sien. 


95. Thy room is prettier than mine. My pen is 
larger than thine. Where is thy cousin? His book 
is prettier than mine; but mine is more useful than 
his. My exercise is easier than thine. This hat 
is very pretty; it is prettier than mine. Here are 
my gloves and there are thine. Robert is my best 
iviend. Edward has lost his copy-book and mine. 


96, le notre, la notre, ours les ndtres, ours 
le votre, la votre, yours les votres, yours 


est-ce ld, ds that. .? Claire, Clara 
sont-ce li, are those. .? aussi, as 


Est-ce 14 votre chien, Alfred? Non, monsieur, 
ce n’est pas le nOtre. Est-ce la votre chambre, mes 
enfants? Non, madame, ce n’est pas la notre; e’est 
la chambre de Louise et de Claire. Sont-ce 1a vos 
chapeaux? Non, maman, ce ne sont pas les nétres; 
ce sont les chapeaux de Richard et de Charles. <As- 
tu trouvé nos livres, Jacques? Oui, j’ai trouvé les 
miens et les votres. Notre jardin est-il aussi joli 
que le votre? Le ndtre n’est pas si joli que le votre. 


— by} 


97. Our town is more agreeable than ycurs. Is 
that your house, Edward? No, Sir, it is not ours. 
Our uncle is richer than yours. Your house is pret- 
tier than ours. My cousin’s exercise is easier than 
yours. Is our town as large as yours? Are our sis- 
ters younger than yours? Yes, Madam, they are 
younger. Hast thou found our pens, William? Yes 
[ have found mine and yours. Here are mine; 
there are yours. 


98. celui, celle, that, that one ceux, celles, those 
celui de mon frére, my brother's 
celle de Julic, Julia’s 
ceux de Ferdinand, Ferdinand’s 
celles de Robert, Robert's 


ce n’est pas, ‘his ts not ce ne sont pas, these are not 
le mouchoir, the pocket-handkerchief fidele, faithful 
la cravate, the cravat igé, old 


Ce n’est pas ton parapluic, Jacques, e’est celui 
de mon frére. Ce n’est pas ta plume, Julie, c’est 
celle de Marie. Ce ne sont pas tes souliers, Jean, 
ce sont ceux de Ferdinand. Ce ne sont pas tes bottes, 
ce sont celles de Louise. Voila ton mouchoir et celui 
de Paul. Notre chien est pilus fidéle que celui de 
notre vcisin. Mon fils est plus &gé que le vétre. 
Voici ta cravate et celle de ton frére.. 


99. This is not thy parasol, it is thy sister’s. These 
are not thy shoes; they are Louisa’s. Here are thy 
stockings and thy sister’s. These books are more 


useful than thy uncle's. Your cousin’s dog is more 
faithful than our uncle’s. These are not your books, 
these are Henry’s. This is not thy hat, it is thy 
cousin’s; here is thine. ‘These are not thy books, 
Charles, they are William’s. 


100. leur, leurs, theer 
leur livre, their book leurs livres, thecr books 
leur plume, their pen leurs plumes, their pens 
Elise, Lhiza oublié, forgotten 


avec, with 


Ma sceur a perdu sa plume et son crayon. Nos 
fréres ont vendu leur cheval et leur chien. Marie a 
trouvé ses bas et ses gants. Ot est [la] petite Louise? 
Elle est & la campagne avec sa mére. Ot sont mes 
amis? Ils sont dans leur jardin. Les fils de mon 
voisin ont perdu leurs livres et leurs plumes. Claire 
a oublié son parapluic. Elise a été & San Francisea 
avec son frére. Henri et Jean ont perdu leur mére; 
ils sont trés tristes. 











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also issued in 2 Cowz'ses: 
— — First Course. Boards $0.85 
— — Second Course. Boards $0.85 
also bound in one volume: 
— — Complete (558 pp.) Half roan $1.75 
An introduction to the above and to 
Steiger’s Abridged Practical Course is: 
Rudiments of STEIGER’S Colloquiat 

Method. First Part. Boards $0.35 
Second Part. Boards $0.40 
HUNN-AHN'S German Granuemar A 

Practical, Hasy and Thorough Method of 

Learning the Germ. Lang. Half roan $1.75 

also bound separately in 2 Courses: 
HENN-AHNS German Givommar. 

First Course, Boards $0.65 

— — Second Cowrse, Boards $1.00 
also bound separately in 4 Numbers: 
HENN-AHN’S German Grammar. 

Number One, Boards $0.25 
—— — Number Two. Boards $0.45 
Number Three. Boards $0.45 
— — Number Four. Boards $0.60 












































STEIGER’S First German Reader. 
With Notes by Jos. Degiinée. Boards $0.40 

STEIGELR’S Cononervial Germs» 
Reader. With Notes by Joseph Deghu<e. 
In paper cover $0.35; boards $0.50 


Til. Common German Orthography. 





#£a=> The following books are issued with 
an appendix treating of the Latest Ger- 
man Orthography. 


ATIN-HENN'S 
Virst German Bool:, Boards $0.25 
— Second German Book. Boards $0.45 
These 2 books bound together form: 
Kudiments of the German Lan- 
guage, First Course, Boards $0.65* 
— Vhird German Book. Boards $6.4~> 
— Fourth German Bool. Boards $0.5: 
Rudiments of the German Lan- 
guage, Second Course, (Ahn-Henn’s Third 
and Fourth German Bool:s together.) 
Boards $1.00 
AHN-HENN’S Complete Method of the 
German Language {Ahn-Henn's first, 
Second, Third and Pourth Gennan 
Books together.) Half roan $1.75 
AIIN-HLENN’S First German Reader, 
With Notes ard Vocabulary. Boards $0.60 
ATIN-TTENN’S Second German Reader. 
With Notes and Vocabulary. Boards $1.00 
AIIN-QUESCULEAGER’S Pronowe- 
ing Method of the Gemnan Language, 
Designed for Instruction in Schools and 
for Private Study. First Course: Exer- 
cises, Reader, Pronouncing Vocabularies 
etc. Boards $0.80 
—— Second Corse: Synopsis of Ger- 
man Grammar.- Boards $0.40 
Complete, (Both Courses bound 
together.) Boards $1.15 
*T'or Keys to the above books, Profes- 
sors should apply direct tothe publishers, 














‘Supplementary Reading. 


AHTIN’S Sevies of German Comedies, 
6 Numbers. ‘Paper, each $0.25 

ATIN’S Sevies of German Novels. 16 
numbers. Paper, from $0.20 to $0.40 each. 


We offer more than 1500 different volumes 
of Select German Books, bound and suit- 
able for reading in higher classes, at from 
$0.15 up. Lists will be sent on application. 

We also keep on hand Books for learnings 
more than 200 


Modern Languages, 
including| 
German and English Dictionaries 


in great variety, large and small, listed in 
Steiger’s Catalog No. 17b, which will be 


| mailed free, on application. 





